I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? This is known as 'title case'. (Cap or no cap on east and west). To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. 2 Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. - thanks! Hi, Mary. Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. Do not drive, Five Below Job Opportunities Earning consideration for Five Below jobs begins with meeting the companys minimum employment age, which is 16 years old. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Yes, Southern is capitalized because it refers to the South (= the southern US). Capitalize the first word of every sentence. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. The sentence which is capitalized correctly is My easiest classes are Chemistry and Spanish. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. But you capitalize them when theyre specific regions or an integral part of a proper name. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. "I" is always capitalized, along with all its . A recognized geographical region. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. When in doubt, lowercase. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). The storm is heading east. With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Lorry Vs. Truck: Meaning And How To Use Each One, Turnip Vs. Radish: Meaning And Differences Of These Words. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. rev2023.3.3.43278. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. Which Is More Stable Thiophene Or Pyridine. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. In other words, directions can be tricky! The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. For example: I live in The North. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). Capitalizing western and capitalizing west have the same rules. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. Do you like West Asia? When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". Capitalize proper nouns and most adjectives formed from proper nouns. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The main style guides all agree on this, although . I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? proofreading, Should north East south West be capitalized? The seasons are not proper nouns and are therefore not normally capitalized. In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. When referring to a specific region, you should capitalize the words East Coast such as Im traveling to the East Coast since East Coast is a proper noun in this case. In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. CMOS looks at what a large relevant tranche of people do; this ultimately defines what is acceptable. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). capitalization. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. For example, "Global is a proper noun." . At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. Common nouns are the names of things. For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. MLA style follows The Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. Capitalize the pronoun. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). However, if you use the word southern instead of a general location, such as the southern winds, the word should be lowercase. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. Is north capitalized there? Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. The English language has grammar and usage rules by the boatload. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. When to capitalize North East south west? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. West is directly opposite east. Thank you. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Colorado is part of the Southwest. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. I am living in Western Downtown. Erin Wright, 20122023. To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). down South. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. The following sentence is capitalized correctly : I learned that Thor is the god of thunder when I read a book about myths from Norway. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Please include the research youve done. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". Automatically capitalize your email subjects, essay, headline, and article titles. Hi, Michael. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. Don't capitalize these words when they refer to the general location, geography or climate of a region. Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." Seasons. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . A region could also be a group of nations. PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. When did they standardize state abbreviations? Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Southern California; West Texas; the Lower East Side of New York; If in doubt, use lowercase. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they arent usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. Rule 1. (Most uses will be uppercase.) However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. When to capitalize North East South West? When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. Characteristics. The other concern I have is that southern is a geographical term, that I feel shouldn't be usurped in this way. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. Is this correct. The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. South Pacific. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. If states is being referred to in a general manner, such as There are two senators for each state, then the word states would remain lower case. Before capitalizing words like east, west, north, and south, check whether you are using them as part of a proper noun or merely to refer to direction or location.Don't capitalize directions (we sailed due east) and locations (western India), but do capitalize compass points when they occur in proper nouns (North Korea, South Sudan, East Dunbartonshire, the Great Western Plains). In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . If a is used, go with prime minister.). It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Have you ever visited the Western United States? You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South.". The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? "southern California" is not the same as "Southern California". The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". In headlines, the periods are omitted. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. The Chicago Manual of Style. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. capitalization, maps, writing tips.
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